Prevention of Coal Roadway Roof Accidents Based on Geological Forecast Technology

摘要： 对煤巷顶板事故原因和机理进行了总结分析，指出现有煤巷掘进支护过程中顶板事故多发的主要原因是迎头地质情况调查不明、地质条件突变时缺少相应的预警机制和合理的应对措施。经过探讨指出利用煤巷超前地质预报技术预防顶板事故是可行的。通过对巨野矿区某矿煤巷多次冒顶事故教训的总结，指出建立合理的冒顶事故预警机制并设计相应支护预案的必要性，在此基础上提出了基于超前地质预报的煤巷顶板事故支护预案防治方法。以“地质先行、物探紧跟、钻探核实、预案配套、监控反馈”为指导方针，注重各预报环节的反复推演与相互修正。利用该方法成功预防了多起冒顶事故的发生，并对其中一起案例进行了深入分析，显示该方法具有较理想的预报效果，以锚索梁为主的支护预案可以有效控制断层区巷道变形，防止冒顶事故发生，并具有很好的经济性指标。

关键词: 煤巷；顶板事故；超前地质预报；支护预案；实例分析

Abstract: By the summary and analysis of the reasons and mechanism of mine roadway roof accidents，we find that the lack of geological information，the corresponding early warning mechanism and reasonable solutions are the main reasons for roof accidents during coal roadway drilling and supporting．Additionally，it has been proved that applying the advanced geological forecasting technology to prevent roof accidents is feasible．After summarizing several roof fall accidents of coal roadway in Juye mine area，it indicates that it is necessary to establish reasonable early warning mechanism of roof fall accident and design the corresponding prearranged support scheme．Thus，the prearranged support scheme and control method of roof accident are proposed based on advanced geological forecasting．The guidelines of the method in regular sequence are prior geological analysis，following geophysical prospecting，drilling to check，matched supporting plan designing and monitoring  to feed back．Meanwhile，the repeated deduction and mutual correction between different predictionparts are quite important for the method．This method has been successfully applied to prevent several roof fall accidents，and one of the cases is analyzed in depth，which shows that the method has an ideal forecasting effect．The supporting plan with anchor beam can control roadway deformation in fault zone effectively，prevent roof collapse accidents，and get great economical benefits to feed back．And repeated deduction and mutual correction between prediction parts were important for the method．This method was successfully applied to prevent some roof fall accidents， and one of the cases was analyzed in depth．The case analysis showed that the method had an ideal forecasting effect．The supporting plan with anchor beam was good for controlling roadway deformation and preventing roof collapse accidents in fault zone，and it was economical．

Key words: coal roadway；roof accident；advanced geological forecasting；pre-arranged support scheme；case study